Scarboroughs reading rope - The Science of Reading reveals the complexity of how the brain learns to read. The Reading Rope simplifies it all, helping us visualize and understand that exceptional process. Here, we’ll unravel and explain all the strands and show you how they come together as students become readers. By Amplify Staff | June 29, 2023.

 
The Reading Rope is a helpful visual reference for parents and caretakers of kids who have dyslexia, as well as anyone who teaches kids who have dyslexia. The concept was created by Hollis Scarborough, a leading researcher of early language development and its connection to literacy, to illustrate the process of learning to read.. Best facebook video downloader for android

In the second part of our three-part series on The Science of Reading, we delve into the individual skills strands on Scarborough's Reading Rope.Use this Not...When it comes to pursuing higher education, choosing the right college is crucial. Scarborough, Ontario offers a diverse range of colleges that cater to various fields of study. An...This series celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Reading Rope created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough in 2001. The origins of Dr. Scarborough’s Reading Rope date back to her lectures for parents on the complexities involved in learning to read. Originally, she spoke of skilled reading as resembling the “strands” of a rope.Another crucial piece of the science of reading is Scarborough’s Reading Rope (2001), which provides insight into how different reading skills work together to create fluency. Literacy expert Dr. Hollis Scarborough proposed a visual metaphor that represented all of the components that make up skilled reading as different “strands” of a rope which …The Science of Reading reveals the complexity of how the brain learns to read. The Reading Rope simplifies it all, helping us visualize and understand that exceptional process. Here, we’ll unravel and explain all the strands and show you how they come together as students become readers. By Amplify Staff | June 29, 2023.Skilled reading happens when students are able to read text fluently while simultaneously comprehending it. In other words, the different parts of the rope work in tandem when a person is able to accurately and automatically read a text and understand it fully. There are two main strands, Language Comprehension and Word Recognition, that …In the second part of our three-part series on The Science of Reading, we delve into the individual skills strands on Scarborough's Reading Rope.Use this Not...Oct 14, 2022 · Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Developed by Hollis Scarborough in 2001 and explained in her paper titled “Connecting Early Language to Later Reading (Dis)Abilities, this helpful infographic, often called Scarborough’s Rope or the Reading Rope, explains how essential language skills work together to develop skilled reading. Feb 6, 2023 · Learn what is Scarborough’s Reading Rope, a model that explains the skills of word recognition and language comprehension that are essential for reading. Find out how teachers use it to help students and parents understand the skills they need to become proficient readers. Scarborough's Reading Rope. In this overview from Calgary Reads, learn about the two key segments of Scarborough’s Reading Rope: Word recognition and language comprehension. By building on these two strands, we can create a rope to bridge the gap between reading well and struggling to read. Dr. Hollis Scarborough, a literacy and language development researcher, published the Reading Rope in 2001. Years prior, Dr. Scarborough used the Reading Rope to illustrate the complexity of skilled reading to parents. Scarborough defines skilled reading as the “fluent execution and coordination of language comprehension and word …Oct 14, 2022 · Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Developed by Hollis Scarborough in 2001 and explained in her paper titled “Connecting Early Language to Later Reading (Dis)Abilities, this helpful infographic, often called Scarborough’s Rope or the Reading Rope, explains how essential language skills work together to develop skilled reading. Background knowledge can help a reader with dyslexia understand multiple meanings of words, as well as idioms. The more background knowledge a student with dyslexia has about a topic, the easier it is for them to fully comprehend what they read. Additionally, background knowledge can help a student with dyslexia make inferences from ...In the second part of our three-part series on The Science of Reading, we delve into the individual skills strands on Scarborough's Reading Rope.Use this Not... From this grew Scarborough's Reading Rope as conceived by Dr. Hollis S. Scarborough. Dr. Scarborough believed that the elements of Word Recognition and the elements of Language Comprehension all weave together into the rope of Reading Comprehension. Just like a true rope, the more strands present and the stronger each …Event by Keep Indiana Learning and Keep Indiana Learning. Public · Anyone on or off Facebook. During this session, you will learn about Scarborough’s Reading Rope with Melissa Gill. Scarborough's Rope is a model of the many strands of language comprehension and word recognition that weave into proficient reading. I'm going live …Scarborough, a vibrant and diverse community in Ontario, Canada, is home to several reputable colleges that offer a wide range of programs and courses. Centennial College is one of...Connecting Early Language and Literacy to Later. Reading (Dis)Abilities: Evidence, Theory, and Practice. Hollis S. Scarborough, Ph.D. Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. and Haskins Laboratories. Address correspondence to: Hollis S. Scarborough. 309 Grove Road. South Orange, NJ 07079.Hollis Scarborough’s rope (2001) is no exception. You’re correct that the rope does not include a strand for comprehension strategies though it does indicate that reading comprehension becomes increasingly strategic with development (just as word recognition becomes increasingly automatic). However, don’t despair.Organized around an expanded adaptation of Scarborough's reading rope, this user-friendly resource expertly translates scientific research findings into a comprehensive guide for reading instruction. Practical Illustrations and classroom examples abound throughout the playbook, allowing research-based recommendations to come to …Scarborough’s Reading Rope provides an insightful illustration of the various strands needed to promote proficient reading. Enjoy learning more about Scarbor...Event by Keep Indiana Learning and Keep Indiana Learning. Public · Anyone on or off Facebook. During this session, you will learn about Scarborough’s Reading Rope with Melissa Gill. Scarborough's Rope is a model of the many strands of language comprehension and word recognition that weave into proficient reading. I'm going live …Developed in the 1990’s, the rope model was originally designed to show parents and educators the complex nature of reading. In 2001, Dr. Hollis Scarborough published Scarborough’s Rope in the Handbook of Early Literacy Research Volume 1. Just like the Simple View, it has two major components: word recognition (or decoding) and language ...Results 1 - 24 of 57+ ... Browse scarboroughs reading rope resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original ...Components of the Reading Rope: Vocabulary. Vocabulary is an undervalued asset. The richer a person’s vocabulary, the richer his or her thinking. We will only be able to communicate what our vocabulary …The Simple View of Reading is explained; Scarborough's Rope Model and McKenna and Stahl's Cognitive Model are summarized culminating in a discussion of Jean Chall's stages of reading development and Linnea Ehri's views on spelling development and reading acquisition. Reading Assessment: Linking Language, ...Learn how the Reading Rope, created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough, captures the essence of learning to read as a complex and interconnected process. The infographic explains the …Feb 8, 2022 · The Reading Rope, created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough, captures the essence of this task. We are thrilled that Dr. Scarborough has granted us permission to display …Organized around an expanded adaptation of Scarborough's reading rope, this user-friendly resource expertly translates scientific research findings into a comprehensive guide for reading instruction. Practical Illustrations and classroom examples abound throughout the playbook, allowing research-based recommendations to come to …Sep 27, 2022 · From providing reading instructions to improving overall reading fluency, it’s a much-needed aid for young English language learners. The two main strands of skilled reading in Scarborough’s Rope. As mentioned, the Scarborough program consists of two strands of the rope. The first one we’ll dissect is language comprehension. Scarborough's Rope is a framework that breaks down reading into eight strands of word recognition and language comprehension. Learn how to apply this framework in the …What is Scarborough’s reading Rope model and is it useful in language comprehension for children. It’s been more than 20 years now since Dr. Hollis Scarborough’s reading model was published in the Handbook of Early Literacy Research. And during all these years, more and more reading teachers would use and utilize it to …Developed in the 1990’s, the rope model was originally designed to show parents and educators the complex nature of reading. In 2001, Dr. Hollis Scarborough published Scarborough’s Rope in the Handbook of Early Literacy Research Volume 1. Just like the Simple View, it has two major components: word recognition (or decoding) and language ... 1 day ago · Learn how to use the simple view of reading (SVR) and the active view of reading (AVR) to understand how children become skilled readers. The Reading Rope is …Reading and Scarborough's Rope activity-1 ... Want to read all 2 pages? Go Premium today. ... sentences from a story, Jake will write his letters e, g, p, backward ...What Is Scarborough’s Reading Rope? In 2001, Dr. Hollis Scarborough created the Reading Rope using pipe cleaners to convey how the different “strands” of reading are all interconnected yet independent of one another. For many students, learning to read is a challenge. Scarborough's Rope captures the complexity of learning to read. Scarborough’s reading rope model . The reading rope model, developed by psychologist and literacy expert Dr Hollis Scarborough in 2001, is an evidence-informed model that can be used as a framework for planning. It outlines the knowledge and skills required to develop language comprehension and word recognition skills. Students need to be ...By request - here are the labels I used to create my Scarborough's Reading Rope bulletin board display! I also added the subtext below each strand's label in parenthesis to align with Dr. Scarborough's original model. Enjoy this freebie!Citation:Scarborough, H. S. (2001).Jul 15, 2022 · Image courtesy of Dr. Hollis Scarborough, 2001. In Scarborough’s Reading Rope, the Vocabulary strand refers to the quantity and quality of a student’s known words. To comprehend challenging texts, students need a wealth of vocabulary knowledge. Simply put, when students know more words, they can comprehend more of what they read. • Define and describe Scarborough's Reading Rope;. • Link instructional practices to the strands of the rope;. • Bridge pedagogy to practice with scenario ...The idea is the rope represents skilled reading. Each strand represents a part of reading development that must be mastered and then woven tightly together so that the reader can be fluent, accurate, and automatic. The Reading Rope is divided into two main parts, Word Recognition and Language Comprehension. Effective Tier 1 literacy instruction ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Scarborough's Reading Rope, Language Comprehension, Word Recognition and more.While he doesn’t list an email address or a physical address on his website, JoeScarborough.com, fans can connect with the morning news anchor through various social media links as...Unraveling Scarborough’s Reading Rope. August 4, 2020 @ 10:45 am - 12:15 pm UTC+0 . Sorry we missed you! Watch the recording here: Add to calendar Google Calendar iCalendar Outlook 365 Outlook Live Share This Event! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn WhatsApp Pinterest Email. Event Navigation.Dive into our first episode as Dr. Jane Oakhill, Professor of Experimental Psychology at the University of Sussex, gives a high-level overview of Scarborough’s Reading Rope. She also emphasizes the importance of inferencing in comprehension, why the Simple View of Reading is still relevant almost 40 years later, and how each element of the rope comes …The Scarborough Reading Rope, developed by Dr. Hollis Scarborough, is an important visual tool for elementary school teachers and content developers.The Scarborough Reading Rope is divided into two strands: word recognition and language comprehension. As the two strands intertwine, the end result is a skilled and fluent …Many strands. According to the Reading Rope metaphor, skilled reading is like a rope woven of many strands. At the top are multiple Language Comprehension strands – background knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, semantics, verbal reasoning and knowledge about literacy itself, for example how a book is organised and the difference between …The lower strands of Dr. Scarborough’s reading rope indicate the critical foundational skills children need to become fluent readers. Fluent reading is a critical prerequisite to reading comprehension. Master Foundational Literacy Instruction.Scarborough's Reading Rope In this overview from Calgary Reads, learn about the two key segments of Scarborough’s Reading Rope: Word recognition and language comprehension. By building on these two strands, we can create a rope to bridge the gap between reading well and struggling to read.Aug 13, 2022 · Learn how to use the Reading Rope, a concept created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough to help students develop the skills of reading comprehension and word recognition. Find out the strands of the …Both the Simple View of Reading and Scarborough’s Rope stop at reading comprehension as if that is the ultimate goal (and for a while we thought that it was). But as reading researchers such as Hirsch, Pondiscio, and Catts explain, reading comprehension is not the end-goal of reading; learning, understanding, wondering, and enjoyment are …1) The components of the Scarborough Reading Rope, and what it means for our multilingual children’s home language (s) Background knowledge: This is what your child understands of the world around. It can relate to physical phenomenon such as the fact that water boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C. It also refers to some customs and ...Professional Training. From evidence-based training using Scarborough's Reading Rope to programs in other research-based methodologies, content in every professional development program the Institute offers aligns with current best practices and is based on the most up-to-date research. The Institute's groundbreaking AIM PATHWAYS™ training ...Aug 19, 2022 · Image courtesy of Dr. Hollis Scarborough, 2001. In Scarborough’s Reading Rope, the Language Structures strand refers to semantics—how word choice develops meaning—and syntax, the grammatical rules of a language. The language structures used in writing often differ from how we speak, so building a strong knowledge of semantics and syntax ... Sep 27, 2023 · Scarborough’s Reading Rope (below) expands on the Simple View by outlining sub-areas within both word recognition and language comprehension.[2] Word recognition, for example, pinpoints phonological awareness, decoding and spelling, and sight recognition as important stepping stones. A 20th Year Celebration of Scarborough’s Reading Rope - Session 1: Unraveling the Reading RopeHandouts for the sessions can be found at: https://drive.google...What is Scarborough’s reading Rope model and is it useful in language comprehension for children. It’s been more than 20 years now since Dr. Hollis Scarborough’s reading model was published in the Handbook of Early Literacy Research. And during all these years, more and more reading teachers would use and utilize it to …Jul 23, 2021 · In module 1, participants learned about three prominent theoretical models that use the evidence base to demonstrate how skilled reading is acquired. The components of Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope model are reviewed in this activity. Time: 10-15 Minutes. Group Size: individual or pairs. The Scarborough’s Reading Rope is a graphical illustration that helps teachers understand the multifaceted nature of reading. It was developed byVicki V. Payne and is widely used in education to guide instruction and assessment in reading. The Reading Rope consists of two main strands: the language comprehension strand and the word ...Scarborough’s Reading Rope was developed by Dr. Hollis Scarborough to illustrate all of the components of reading. It shows how, even though they can stand alone, each reading skill connects to the rest. It demonstrates how all skills must be taught together in order to properly “weave” the rope. The reading rope combines “upper strands ... Dec 12, 2023 · The Reading Rope is a visual metaphor for what we understand about the acquisition of reading from start to finish. I created the image in 1992, based on a large …Structured Literacy with E.A.S.E. is a research-based program created based on the Science of Reading and the Simple View of Reading. This program addresses all strands of Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Our program gives you the tools, lessons, and strategies to implement a solid Structured Literacy framework in your small-group instruction so ... Teachers. by Matthew Lynch - October 14, 2023. Scarborough’s Reading Rope is a visual representation of the process of reading. It was developed by Hollis Scarborough and provides a comprehensive model of the various components of reading. The rope consists of two main strands: the “word recognition” strand and the “language ...A 20th Year Celebration of Scarborough’s Reading Rope - Session 7: A Focus on Language Structure StrandThis video presentation by Nancy Hennessy and Nancy Eb...Reading 101. Explore reading basics as well as the key role of background knowledge and motivation in becoming a lifelong reader and learner. Watch our PBS Launching Young Readers series and try our self-paced Reading 101 course to deepen your understanding. Visit the Reading 101 OverviewJun 29, 2023 · The Science of Reading reveals the complexity of how the brain learns to read. The Reading Rope simplifies it all, helping us visualize and understand that exceptional process. Here, we’ll unravel and explain all the strands and show you how they come together as students become readers. By Amplify Staff | June 29, 2023. Aug 19, 2022 · Image courtesy of Dr. Hollis Scarborough, 2001. In Scarborough’s Reading Rope, the Language Structures strand refers to semantics—how word choice develops meaning—and syntax, the grammatical rules of a language. The language structures used in writing often differ from how we speak, so building a strong knowledge of semantics and syntax ... Finding a reliable and trustworthy doctor is essential for maintaining good health. In the Ontario, Scarborough: Norman area, there are numerous medical professionals who provide e...Episode 9 - Dr Scarborough's theoretical model of the Reading Rope can help us determine what books are best for supporting students learning to read.Dive de...Apr 7, 2023 · Author: Katie Delbridge. – April 7, 2023. The Scarborough Reading Rope, developed by Dr. Hollis Scarborough, is an important visual tool for elementary school teachers and content developers. The Scarborough Reading Rope is divided into two strands: word recognition and language comprehension. As the two strands intertwine, the end result is ... What Is Scarborough’s Reading Rope? In 2001, Dr. Hollis Scarborough created the Reading Rope using pipe cleaners to convey how the different “strands” of reading are all interconnected yet independent of one another. For many students, learning to read is a challenge. Scarborough's Rope captures the complexity of learning to read. Scarborough’s Reading Rope: A Groundbreaking Infographic. The Reading Rope consists of lower and upper strands. The word-recognition strands (phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition of familiar words) work together as the reader becomes accurate, fluent, and increasingly automatic with repetition and practice.Scarborough's Reading Rope (2001) LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION • Background Knowledge • Vocabulary Knowledge • Language Stuctures ... Sight Recognition Readin is a multifaceted skill raduall SKILLED READING: fluent execution and coordination of word recognition and text comprehension. uired over ars of instruction and ractice. Title: The …Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope. In 2019, Dr. Hollis Scarborough was the inaugural recipient of AIM's Hollis Scarborough Award, which honors a researcher whose work has been instrumental in literacy and inspired others. Her presentation, A Case History of a Twisty Metaphor, is a must see video for anyone who cares about structured literacy. Scarborough’s Reading Rope (below) expands on the Simple View by outlining sub-areas within both word recognition and language comprehension.[2] Word recognition, for example, pinpoints phonological awareness, decoding and spelling, and sight recognition as important stepping stones. Language comprehension expands in the …rope. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE (facts, concepts, etc.) VOCABULARY (breadth, precision, links, etc.) LANGUAGE STRUCTURE (syntax, semantics, etc) VERBAL REASONING (inference, metaphor, etc.) LITERACY KNOWLEDGE (print concepts, genres, etc.) WORD RECOGNITION PHONOLOGICAL …Scarborough's Reading Rope. The Reading Rope was developed by Dr. Hollis Scarborough, a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories. It is an expansion of The Simple View of Reading and illustrates the complexities of learning to read with the interwoven strands that depict the necessary subskills within the two components of The Simple …Oct 14, 2022 · Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Developed by Hollis Scarborough in 2001 and explained in her paper titled “Connecting Early Language to Later Reading (Dis)Abilities, this helpful infographic, often called Scarborough’s Rope or the Reading Rope, explains how essential language skills work together to develop skilled reading. Many strands. According to the Reading Rope metaphor, skilled reading is like a rope woven of many strands. At the top are multiple Language Comprehension strands – background knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, semantics, verbal reasoning and knowledge about literacy itself, for example how a book is organised and the difference between …The Reading Rope . Scarborough’s Reading Rope, developed by Dr. Hollis Scarborough in 2001, helps us visualize the strands of specific skills and instruction that support students in decoding and comprehension. Read more Oct 7, 2022 · Developing Literacy Knowledge. Strong literacy knowledge—the understanding of the purposes, features, and conventions of texts—contributes to skilled reading. Like other components of the Language Comprehension half of Scarborough’s Rope, literacy knowledge builds throughout a lifetime. Even before students enter school, they may start ... Download scientific diagram | 2 Scarborough's Reading Rope from publication: Systematic and explicit phonics instruction: A scientific, evidence-based approach to teaching the alphabetic principle.This video presentation by Nancy Hennessy and Nancy Eberhardt is part of a series celebrating the 20th anniversary of the publication of Hollis ...Reading Recovery® is a trademarked intervention through the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Learn more about Reading Recovery, Descubriendo la Lectura & Intervention préventive en lecture-écriture at READINGRECOVERY.ORG SCARBOROUGH’S ROPE and READING RECOVERY Scarborough’s Reading Rope …The other model—Hollis Scarborough’s reading rope (from 2001)—clarifies the “what” in a bit more detail. The reading rope consists of lower and upper strands. The lower strands—phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition of familiar words—all fall under word recognition. When properly addressed, readers should …This video presentation by Nancy Hennessy and Nancy Eberhardt is part of a series celebrating the 20th anniversary of the publication of Hollis ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Scarborough's Reading Rope, Language Comprehension, Word Recognition and more.. Project era download

scarboroughs reading rope

Are you looking for a family doctor in Scarborough, Ontario? If so, you may have come across the name Dr. Norman. As one of the prominent doctors in the area, Dr. Norman has earned...The idea is the rope represents skilled reading. Each strand represents a part of reading development that must be mastered and then woven tightly together so that the reader can be fluent, accurate, and automatic. The Reading Rope is divided into two main parts, Word Recognition and Language Comprehension. Effective Tier 1 literacy instruction ...Background knowledge can help a reader with dyslexia understand multiple meanings of words, as well as idioms. The more background knowledge a student with dyslexia has about a topic, the easier it is for them to fully comprehend what they read. Additionally, background knowledge can help a student with dyslexia make inferences from ...The lower strands of Dr. Scarborough’s reading rope indicate the critical foundational skills children need to become fluent readers. Fluent reading is a critical prerequisite to reading comprehension. Master Foundational Literacy Instruction.A senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories, Hollis Scarborough conceptualized the famous Reading Rope in 2001, reshaping the way educators think about reading skills. She needed a three-dimensional illustration to help parents understand the complexities of learning to read. The Reading Rope she designed is composed of lower and upper …Oct 7, 2022 · Scarborough’s Reading Rope provides a model for understanding the components of skilled reading. This blog series examines each of the strands of the …Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope. In 2019, Dr. Hollis Scarborough was the inaugural recipient of AIM's Hollis Scarborough Award, which honors a researcher whose work has been instrumental in literacy and inspired others. Her presentation, A Case History of a Twisty Metaphor, is a must see video for anyone who cares about structured literacy. Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope. In 2019, Dr. Hollis Scarborough was the inaugural recipient of AIM's Hollis Scarborough Award, which honors a researcher whose work has been instrumental in literacy and inspired others. Her presentation, A Case History of a Twisty Metaphor, is a must see video for anyone who cares about structured literacy.Nadia Northway. Glyn Walsh. Abd Elaziz Mohamed Elmadina. BACKGROUND: Reading can be described as a complex cognitive process of decrypting signs to create meaning. Eventually, it is a way of ...Oct 15, 2020 · This model illustrates that as decoding subskills become increasingly automatic and language comprehension subskills become increasingly strategic, skilled r... Are you looking for a way to earn some extra cash in Scarborough? Cash job agencies can be a great resource for finding short-term employment opportunities that pay you on the spot...Scarborough’s reading rope has been called one of the most influential infographics in education because of the way it succinctly captures the complexities of learning to read, ... But while other elements of the reading rope are well-understood by elementary educators, verbal reasoning may be something of a mystery (Fisher, Frey, and Lapp ...2 Aug 2023 ... Aug 2, 2023 - This Pin was discovered by Linda Bernier. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest.This course will focus on the connection between the Infant Toddler Guidelines, Arizona's Early Learning Standards and Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Participants will leave the course understanding early brain research and how it relates to building language comprehension and word recognition skills. Participants will recognize …We know what it takes for reading development to occur. This research reveals what happens in the brain during reading and what needs to take place instructionally to enable skillful reading. Two prominent theoretical models help us start to make sense of how children learn to read: The Simple View of Reading and Scarborough’s Reading Rope. Hollis Scarborough’s “Reading Rope” theory has been a hot topic in the world of literacy. If you listen to the Science of Reading podcast, you’re probably already familiar with Scarborough’s reading rope: a visual representation of all of the skills involved in reading.. One of these skills is background knowledge. Background knowledge is …Feb 1, 2024 · The RIF model: how it works. Dr. Hollis Scarborough invented the concept of the Reading Rope in the early 1990s, which illustrates the two major strands that are woven together for a child to become a skilled reader: language comprehension and word recognition. These two major strands and their subcomponents have largely become referred to as ... Sight recognition refers to a readers’ ability to identify a word simply by looking at it, allowing them to read effortlessly and with greater understanding (MacArthur et al., 2015). Readers improve their sight recognition when they are able to efficiently apply their understanding of sound-symbol relationships in print (Ehri, 2014). Readers ...In module 1, participants learned about three prominent theoretical models that use the evidence base to demonstrate how skilled reading is acquired. The components of Hollis Scarborough's Reading Rope model are reviewed in this activity. Time: 10-15 Minutes. Group Size: individual or pairs..

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